Tag: sample disclosure

Sample Disclosure – Borrowing Costs (30 November 2008)

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

Sample Disclosure – Financial Instruments (27 November 2008)

Financial instruments

Financial instruments are recognised in the balance sheet when the Group has become a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial instruments are classified as liabilities or equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement. Interest, dividends and gains and losses relating to a financial instrument classified as a liability, are reported as expense or income. Distributions to holders of financial instruments classified as equity are recognised directly in equity. Financial instruments are offset when the Group has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends to settle either on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

i. Cash and cash equivalents

For the purposes of the cash flow statements, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and at bank, deposit at call and short term highly liquid investments which have an insignificant risk of changes in value, net of outstanding bank overdrafts.

ii. Other non-current investments

Non-current investments other than investments in subsidiaries, associates and investment properties are stated at cost less impairment losses. On disposal of an investment, the difference between net disposal proceeds and its carrying amount is recognised in profit or loss.

iii. Short term investments

Short term investments are carried at the lower of cost and market value. On disposal of short term investments, the difference between net disposal and carrying amount is recognised in income statement.

iv. Receivables

Receivables are carried at anticipated realisable values. Bad debts are written off when identified. An estimate is made for doubtful debts based on a review of all outstanding amounts as at the balance sheet date.

v. Payables

Payables are stated at the fair value of the consideration to be paid in the future for goods and services received.

vi. Interest bearing loans and borrowings

All loans and borrowings are initially recognised at the fair value of the consideration received less directly attributable transaction costs. After initial recognition, interest bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

vii. Equity instruments

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Dividends on ordinary shares are recognised in equity in the period in which they are declared.

The transaction costs of an equity transaction are accounted for as a deduction from equity, net of tax. Equity transaction costs comprise only those incremental external costs directly attributable to the equity transaction which would otherwise have been avoided.

The consideration paid, including attributable transaction costs on repurchased ordinary shares of the Company that have not been cancelled, are classified as treasury shares and presented as a deduction from equity. No gain or loss is recognised in income statement on the sale, re-issuance or cancellation of treasury shares. When treasury shares are reissued by resale, the difference between the sales consideration and the carrying amount is recognised in equity.

viii. Derivative financial instruments

Derivative financial instruments are not recognised in the financial statements.

Sample Disclosure – Inventories (27 November 2008)

Inventories

Inventories are stated at lower of cost and net realisable value.

Cost is determined using the first in, first out method. The cost of raw materials comprises costs of purchase. The costs of finished goods and work-in-progress comprise costs of raw materials, direct labour, other direct costs and appropriate proportions of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Sample Disclosure – Impairment of Assets (27 November 2008)

Impairment of assets

The carrying amounts of assets, other than investment properties, inventories, deferred tax assets and non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale, are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated to determine the amount of impairment loss.

For goodwill, intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life and intangible assets that are not yet available for use, the recoverable amount is estimated at each balance sheet date or more frequently when indicators of impairment are identified.

For the purpose of impairment testing of these assets, recoverable amount is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. If this is the case, recoverable amount is determined for the cash-generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs to. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s CGUs, or groups of CGUs, that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the Group are assigned to those units or groups of units.

An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or CGU’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Where the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses recognised in respect of a CGU or groups of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to those units or groups of units and then, to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit or groups of units on a pro-rata basis.

An impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss in the period in which it arises.

Impairment loss on goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent financial period. An impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is reversed if, and only if, there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The carrying amount of an asset other than goodwill is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. A reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognised in profit or loss.

Sample Disclosure – Investment Properties (27 November 2008)

Investment properties

Investment properties are properties which are held either to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or for both. Such properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

A property interest under an operating lease is classified and accounted for as an investment property on a property-by-property basis when the Group holds it to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both. Any such property interest under an operating lease classified as an investment property is carried at cost.

Investment properties are derecognised when either they have been disposed of or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from its disposal. Any gains or losses on the retirement or disposal of an investment property are recognised in income statement in the year in which they arise.

Sample Disclosure – Property, Plant and Equipment (27 November 2008)

Property, plant and equipment and depreciation

All items of property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Subsequent to recognition, property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Freehold land has an unlimited useful life and therefore is not depreciated. Capital­work-in-progress is not depreciated as these assets are not available for use. Depreciation of other property, plant and equipment is provided for on a straight-line basis to write off the cost of each asset to its residual value over the estimated useful life, at the following annual rates:

Buildings 2%

Plant, machinery, mould, die and laboratory equipment 10%

Office equipment, fixtures, fittings, renovations and computers 10% – 20%

Motor vehicles 20%

The residual values, useful life and depreciation method are reviewed at each financial year end to ensure that the amount, method and period of depreciation are consistent with previous estimates and the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the items of property, plant and equipment.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any and the net carrying amount is recognised in income statement.